内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

门冬胰岛素或赖脯胰岛素等速效胰岛素通常应在何时注射？

1. A每天一次，无论进餐情况
2. B睡前，不进食
3. C餐后约两小时
4. D餐前不久或进餐时

对糖尿病患者，下列哪项日常足部护理建议是正确的？

1. A在家用剃刀片去除鸡眼
2. B每天用热水泡脚一小时
3. C每天检查双脚，绝不赤脚行走
4. D每年到诊所检查一次双脚

What is the normal intracranial pressure in a resting adult?

1. AAbout 5–15 mmHg
2. BAbout 20–30 mmHg
3. CAbout 40–60 mmHg
4. DAbout 80–100 mmHg

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. AWait for the next dialysis session
2. BApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
3. CRaise the arm and let it bleed freely
4. DPress firmly on the site with clean gauze

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. AClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein
2. BClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein
3. CCloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
4. DBlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. ASodium lost into the dialysis fluid
2. BAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
3. CProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
4. DGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid

A patient's glucose is 6.2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA large snack eaten in the night by mistake
2. BThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
3. CThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
4. DThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling
2. BA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
3. CA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy
4. DA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning