内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AJust under the skin of the arm
2. BIn the chest, next to the heart
3. CIn the original kidney position at the back
4. DIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
2. BAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
3. CThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
4. DA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs

对糖尿病患者，下列哪项日常足部护理建议是正确的？

1. A每天检查双脚，绝不赤脚行走
2. B每天用热水泡脚一小时
3. C每年到诊所检查一次双脚
4. D在家用剃刀片去除鸡眼

Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?

1. ABecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
2. BTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
3. CBecause it cannot be absorbed at night
4. DBecause food doubles the strength of the dose

在 DKA 治疗期间，血糖降到约 14 mmol/L（约 250 mg/dL）以下，但酮体仍然升高。通常会怎么处理？

1. A患者进餐，静脉治疗停止
2. B停止所有静脉输液以避免液体过多
3. C在液体中加入葡萄糖；继续使用胰岛素
4. D立即停止胰岛素输注

Before a haemodialysis catheter is used, why is the lock solution withdrawn from each lumen?

1. AIt contains a strong antibiotic that must be kept
2. BIt contains concentrated anticoagulant
3. CIt contains the patient's urine
4. DIt contains air that keeps the line open

凌晨 03:00 一名患者的血糖为 3.6 mmol/L，但早餐前血糖偏高。该患者晚上使用长效胰岛素。护士应怎么做？

1. A03:00 额外给胰岛素，因为早晨的数值会偏高
2. B处理低血糖，并报告这一规律，以便复核晚间剂量
3. C忽略夜间读数，只根据早晨的数值处理
4. D永久停用所有胰岛素，并每四小时监测血糖

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder
2. BA patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
3. CA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
4. DA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level