内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why can a new arteriovenous fistula not be used straight away?

1. AThe vein needs weeks to enlarge and thicken
2. BThe artery must first grow back to its full size
3. CThe arm must be in plaster for a month
4. DThe stitches must be removed first

What is a common complication after a lumbar puncture?

1. ALoss of hearing in one ear
2. BPermanent paralysis of both legs from nerve damage
3. CA rapid rise in blood glucose
4. DA headache that is worse when sitting or standing

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt lowers blood potassium
2. BIt lowers blood glucose
3. CIt raises blood calcium
4. DIt raises blood sodium

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA simple urinary tract infection
2. BLow blood glucose
3. CAcute pancreatitis
4. DNormal nausea from the drug

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery
2. BThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
3. CThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
4. DThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
2. BStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
3. CThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
4. DStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the next dose with a glass of milk
2. BGive the tablets again after every vomit
3. COmit the steroid until the vomiting stops
4. DEscalate urgently for steroid by injection

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3.1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ASuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
2. BIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
3. CDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
4. DGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose