内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Where should a urinary catheter drainage bag be kept?

1. ABelow the level of the bladder and off the floor
2. BOn the floor under the bed, out of the way
3. CAbove the bladder so urine flows faster
4. DOn the bed next to the patient's pillow

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. ASensory nerves in the skin only
2. BThe nerves of the autonomic system only
3. CThe optic nerves and retina
4. DUpper and lower motor neurons

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA simple scalp laceration
2. BA fracture of the base of the skull
3. CA fractured jaw
4. DAn injury to the outer ear only

A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes
2. BUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
3. CSmoking more will not affect the eyes
4. DRub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling

Why is nimodipine given to patients after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

1. ATo reduce brain injury from delayed vasospasm
2. BTo raise the blood pressure and improve perfusion
3. CTo dissolve the blood clot around the aneurysm
4. DTo stop seizures in the first few days

头部受伤后，一名患者鼻子里滴出清亮液体。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A单纯感冒或花粉症发作
2. B对 CT 造影剂过敏
3. C颅骨骨折引起的脑脊液漏
4. D哭泣后产生的正常黏液

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. AAsk the family to change the patient's mind
2. BRespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
3. CStop all care, because nothing more can be done
4. DTell the patient they must start dialysis by law

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
2. BExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
3. CTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
4. DIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff