药理学练习卷（附答案）

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate
2. BTo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate
3. CTo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
4. DTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour

What does pharmacokinetics describe?

1. AHow drugs are manufactured and packaged
2. BHow the price of a drug is set
3. CWhat a drug does to the body: its effects, receptors and mechanisms of action
4. DWhat the body does to a drug: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

Which side effect is common with magnesium-containing antacids?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BDry cough
3. CDrowsiness
4. DConstipation

阿米替林等三环类抗抑郁药过量为什么特别危险？

1. A肾结石
2. B心律失常和癫痫发作
3. C数小时内发生严重肝衰竭
4. D血糖突然升高

为什么布洛芬等 NSAIDs 会增加胃溃疡风险？

1. A它们直接溶解黏液层
2. B它们增加胃内幽门螺杆菌的数量
3. C它们升高胃酸的 pH
4. D它们减少胃黏膜中的保护性前列腺素

How should oral potassium chloride tablets be taken?

1. ALying down straight after the dose
2. BOn an empty stomach with only a small sip of water, then lie down
3. CCrushed and dissolved under the tongue
4. DWith food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release

A patient has a serum potassium of 7.0 mmol/L (mEq/L) and peaked T waves on the ECG. Which drug is given first to protect the heart?

1. AOral sodium polystyrene sulfonate
2. BIntravenous calcium gluconate
3. COral potassium chloride
4. DIntravenous furosemide

某药分布容积为 40 L，生物利用度为 100%。要达到 2 mg/L 的目标血浆浓度，负荷剂量应为多少？

1. A160 mg
2. B42 mg
3. C80 mg
4. D20 mg