药理学练习卷（附答案）

什么是药物耐受性？

1. A每次服药反应都更强
2. B对药物的过敏反应
3. C服用药物而完全不产生任何副作用的能力
4. D反复使用后反应减弱，因此需要更大剂量

Propofol is mainly used for:

1. APain relief after surgery on the ward
2. BTreating nausea after chemotherapy
3. CLong-term treatment of epilepsy at home by mouth
4. DInducing and maintaining anaesthesia, and ICU sedation

药物的“半衰期”是什么意思？

1. A药物开始起效所需的时间
2. B一半剂量从肠道吸收所需的时间
3. C药物在体内停留时间的一半
4. D血浆浓度下降一半所需的时间

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

1. AThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
2. BThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
3. CThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
4. DThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people

A child is starting methylphenidate for ADHD. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AGive the last dose at bedtime to help the child sleep
2. BExpect weight gain as the main side effect
3. CGive the drug only at weekends
4. DGive doses early in the day and monitor appetite and growth

一名患者有严重肾功能损害。某药物主要以原形经尿排泄。通常如何调整？

1. A增加剂量以弥补吸收不良
2. B改静脉给药为口服给药
3. C减少剂量或延长给药间隔
4. D无须调整，因为肝脏会接管

A patient has received a sodium nitroprusside infusion for several days. He becomes confused and develops a metabolic acidosis. What should be suspected?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the plastic of the infusion bag
2. BCyanide toxicity from nitroprusside breakdown
3. CHyperkalaemia from the infusion
4. DHypoglycaemia from nitroprusside

A patient on long-term prednisolone has been vomiting for two days and could not take her tablets. She is now hypotensive and confused, with low sodium and high potassium. What is the most urgent treatment?

1. AIV hydrocortisone and IV fluids
2. BOral prednisolone with a glass of water
3. CIV furosemide
4. DIV insulin with glucose only