药理学练习卷（附答案）

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
2. BIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
3. CIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
4. DIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain

Drugs whose names end in "-sartan", such as losartan, belong to which class?

1. ALoop diuretics
2. BAngiotensin II receptor blockers
3. CAlpha-1 blockers
4. DACE inhibitors, which block the converting enzyme

On the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs form the first step?

1. AWeak opioids such as codeine or tramadol, used on their own
2. BStrong opioids such as morphine given intravenously
3. CNon-opioids such as paracetamol and NSAIDs
4. DLocal anaesthetic nerve blocks for all patients

Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?

1. ADarker stools than usual
2. BA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose
3. CPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
4. DMild tiredness in the first few days

ACE 抑制剂如何降低血压？

1. A阻断心脏的 β1 受体
2. B增加肾脏对钠的重吸收
3. C阻断血管紧张素 I 转化为血管紧张素 II
4. D阻断血管平滑肌细胞中的 L 型钙通道

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
2. BVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
3. CFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
4. DVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes

为什么庆大霉素的给药需要监测血药浓度？

1. A它会引起严重低血糖
2. B它完全由肝脏代谢，因此由肝功能决定剂量
3. C它有肾毒性和耳毒性，且治疗指数窄
4. D它只在极高浓度下有效

A postoperative patient using morphine PCA is very drowsy, hard to rouse and has a respiratory rate of 7 per minute. What should the nurse do first?

1. AReduce the PCA dose and leave the pump running
2. BStop the PCA, try to rouse the patient and give naloxone as per protocol
3. CEncourage the patient to press the button only when awake and in pain
4. DLet the patient sleep and recheck in one hour