药理学练习卷（附答案）

Which adverse effect can follow long-term use of strong topical corticosteroids?

1. APermanent darkening of the nails
2. BThickening of the skin
3. CIncreased hair loss on the scalp
4. DThinning of the skin

What does "bacteriostatic" mean?

1. AThe drug prevents the patient's immune response
2. BThe drug kills viruses as well as bacteria
3. CThe drug stops bacteria multiplying without killing them directly
4. DThe drug kills bacteria directly by breaking down their cell wall

Dextromethorphan is used as:

1. AA nasal decongestant
2. BAn antibiotic for chest infections
3. CA cough suppressant
4. DAn expectorant that thins mucus

How are most medication doses for children calculated?

1. ABy giving half of the adult dose to all children under 12
2. BBy the child's height alone
3. CBy body weight in kilograms, or sometimes body surface area
4. DBy the child's age in years only

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AStraight after a large evening meal
2. BAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
3. CWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
4. DOnly when heartburn is severe

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
2. BTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
3. CExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
4. DStop it as soon as the burning settles

Why may omeprazole be avoided in a patient taking clopidogrel?

1. AIt inhibits CYP2C19, so less clopidogrel is converted to its active form
2. BIt increases clopidogrel absorption from the gut and causes bleeding
3. CIt binds clopidogrel in the stomach and makes it insoluble
4. DIt speeds up kidney excretion of clopidogrel

A patient taking dabigatran has a life-threatening bleed. Which specific reversal agent is used?

1. AIdarucizumab
2. BVitamin K
3. CAndexanet alfa
4. DProtamine sulfate