药理学练习卷（附答案）

Methylphenidate, used in ADHD, belongs to which class?

1. ACentral nervous system stimulants
2. BBenzodiazepines
3. CAntipsychotics (dopamine blockers)
4. DOpioid analgesics

Lithium is used mainly to treat which condition?

1. ABipolar disorder
2. BAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder
3. CSchizophrenia with no mood symptoms
4. DGeneralised anxiety disorder

In the United States, what does a Schedule II controlled substance mean?

1. AA drug with almost no risk of abuse
2. BA drug with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse
3. CA drug available freely over the counter
4. DA drug with accepted medical use but a high risk of abuse

哪种不良反应是甲氧氯普胺的典型不良反应，尤其在年轻人中？

1. A干咳
2. B严重便秘
3. C低血糖
4. D锥体外系运动障碍，如急性肌张力障碍

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
2. BAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
3. CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
4. DAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber

为什么长期口服的糖皮质激素不应突然停药？

1. A肾上腺受到抑制，可能无法产生足够的皮质醇
2. B停药会使血糖突然升高
3. C免疫系统会立即攻击肝脏和肾上腺
4. D停药时药物会形成有毒代谢物

A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?

1. AWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
2. BAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling
3. CExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
4. DNormal tiredness after a long labour

A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
2. BGive half the dose and observe for a reaction
3. CGive the amoxicillin with an antihistamine to prevent a reaction
4. DGive the amoxicillin, as it belongs to a different antibiotic group