药理学练习卷（附答案）

对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）过量主要损伤哪个器官？

1. A胃黏膜
2. B肺
3. C肝脏
4. D先损伤肾脏，再损伤心脏

吸入性糖皮质激素在哮喘中的主要作用是什么？

1. A在几分钟内缓解突发的支气管痉挛
2. B稀释痰液以便咳出
3. C减轻气道炎症，预防发作
4. D杀死气道中的细菌

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of which hormone?

1. AAntidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
2. BAldosterone
3. COxytocin, the hormone of labour
4. DInsulin

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
2. BGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
3. CGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
4. DGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth

A patient has oral mucositis after chemotherapy. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AUse an alcohol-based mouthwash several times a day to kill germs
2. BEat spicy and acidic foods to stimulate healing
3. CBrush hard with a firm toothbrush to remove debris
4. DUse a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash

下列哪一项是长期口服糖皮质激素的著名不良反应？

1. A骨质疏松
2. B低血压
3. C低血糖
4. D体重减轻

A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?

1. APinpoint pupils and coma
2. BProfound respiratory depression
3. CSevere bradycardia
4. DWithdrawal seizures

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
2. BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
3. CNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
4. DVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin