ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A0,02–0,06 seconds
2. B0,12–0,20 seconds
3. C0,40–0,60 seconds
4. D1,0–1,2 seconds

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
2. BThat the patient has never met TB
3. CActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
4. DInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease

ما مدى تدفق الأكسجين المعتاد عبر القنية الأنفية القياسية لدى البالغين؟

1. A0,1–0,2 L/min
2. B20–40 L/min
3. C1–6 L/min
4. D10–15 L/min

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
2. BThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
3. CThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
4. DThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
2. BThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
3. CThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
4. DThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
2. BTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
3. CThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
4. DThe first sample is always contaminated

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
2. BReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal
3. CParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
4. DOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHypokalaemia
2. BHypomagnesaemia
3. CHyponatraemia
4. DHypercalcaemia