ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small
2. BPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
3. CAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
4. DA bacterial infection of the alveoli

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
2. BIt kills bacteria in the bronchi
3. CIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
4. DIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. ABy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
2. BBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
3. CBy mouth, crushed and given with water
4. DIntravenously or by the intraosseous route

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries
2. BIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
3. CIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
4. DIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AA viral infection of the upper airway
2. BA fungal infection of the lungs
3. CStaphylococcal infection of the skin
4. DA group A streptococcal throat infection

لدى مريض ارتفاع في الببتيد الناتريوريتيكي من النمط B (BNP أو NT-proBNP). ماذا يعكس ذلك أساسًا؟

1. Aتمدد البطينين وزيادة الحمل الضغطي عليهما
2. Bتلفًا إقفاريًا في عضلة القلب
3. Cتلفًا في العضلات الهيكلية بعد سقوط
4. Dالتهابًا في الكبد بسبب الاحتقان

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
2. BForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
3. CLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube
4. DCover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help

A patient taking warfarin for AF falls and hits their head. An hour later they are drowsy and have vomited. What is the priority?

1. AGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and a light meal
2. BEncourage sleep and check observations at the next routine time
3. CWithhold tonight's warfarin and review tomorrow
4. DUrgent escalation for CT of the head and anticoagulant reversal