ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

Where does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

1. AAt the carina
2. BAt the larynx
3. CAt the alveoli
4. DAt the epiglottis

Which coronary artery mainly supplies the front (anterior) wall of the left ventricle?

1. AThe right coronary artery and its marginal branch
2. BThe circumflex artery only
3. CThe left anterior descending artery
4. DThe pulmonary artery

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AContact precautions with gloves only
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
4. DProtective isolation for the patient's own sake

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA leaking aortic valve
2. BA blocked pulmonary artery
3. CA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
4. DA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BRun it at the highest possible gas flow
3. CMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
4. DUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
2. BThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
3. CThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
4. DThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. AArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
2. BTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
3. CGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min
4. DGive IV adenosine

انسحب مفجّر صدر المريض عرضيًا. ما الإجراء الفوري؟

1. Aدفع المفجّر عائدًا إلى الصدر وتثبيته بلاصق
2. Bأن يُطلب من المريض السعال بقوة لتمديد الرئة
3. Cترك الفتحة مكشوفة ليخرج الهواء المحتبس
4. Dإغلاق الموضع بضماد معقم مانع للهواء وطلب المساعدة