ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
2. BThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
3. CThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts
4. DThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. AThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing
2. BBreathing that is deeper than normal
3. CA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest
4. DA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds

Amlodipine belongs to which drug class?

1. ACalcium channel blockers
2. BCardioselective beta-blockers
3. CAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
4. DLoop diuretics

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
2. BEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
3. CProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
4. DExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
2. BThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
3. CThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
4. DThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. ALying on the affected side with the head down
2. BSitting upright and leaning forward over a table
3. CFlat on the back with the legs raised
4. DProne with the arms by the sides

An older inpatient develops sudden fever, muscle aches and a dry cough during the winter influenza season. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AIsolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals
2. BWait a week to see whether the symptoms settle before testing
3. CLeave them in the open bay and give a course of antibiotics only
4. DIsolate only if they develop a rash

A patient with a large pericardial effusion has a systolic pressure that falls by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration. What is this finding called?

1. APulsus alternans
2. BPulsus paradoxus
3. CA pulse deficit
4. DA collapsing pulse