ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

ما سبب شائع قبل الكلوي للأذية الكلوية الحادة؟

1. Aتلف الأنابيب الكلوية بسبب الجنتاميسين
2. Bحصى كلوية تسد الحالبين معًا
3. Cالجفاف أو انخفاض ضغط الدم
4. Dتضخم البروستات المعيق للتصريف

Why are patients with a spinal cord injury at very high risk of pressure injuries?

1. AThey cannot feel or move the body below the injury
2. BTheir blood sugar is always very high, which damages the skin
3. CThey usually have a high fever for many weeks
4. DTheir skin is thinner than other people's skin

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein
2. BA surgical join between an artery and a vein
3. CA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity
4. DA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
2. BIt must be taken only once a week
3. CIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
4. DIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange

A patient's potassium stays low despite replacement. Which other level should be checked?

1. AAmylase
2. BBilirubin
3. CFerritin
4. DMagnesium

ما أشيع محرّض لعسر الانعكاس الذاتي (autonomic dysreflexia) لدى مريض إصابة الحبل الشوكي؟

1. Aمثانة ممتلئة أو قسطرة مسدودة
2. Bفترة نوم طويلة
3. Cوجبة كبيرة تؤكل بسرعة ليلًا
4. Dمستوى سكر دم منخفض

An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?

1. AAbsence seizure
2. BMyoclonic seizure
3. CFocal impaired awareness seizure
4. DAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. ALow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
2. BFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
3. CLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
4. DFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures