ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

What does aldosterone do?

1. AMakes the kidneys keep sodium and lose potassium
2. BLowers the blood calcium after meals
3. CMakes the kidneys lose sodium and keep potassium
4. DRaises the blood glucose between meals

ما أبكر علامة على ارتفاع الضغط داخل القحف وأكثرها حساسية؟

1. Aتنفس غير منتظم مع توقفات طويلة
2. Bحدقتان متوسعتان ثابتتان في الجانبين
3. Cبطء القلب مع ارتفاع ضغط الدم
4. Dتغيّر في مستوى الوعي

Which side effect of metformin is most common?

1. AWeight gain and oedema
2. BA dry cough at night
3. CGum overgrowth and a rash
4. DNausea and diarrhoea

How do DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin work?

1. AThey prolong the action of gut incretin hormones
2. BThey replace insulin that the pancreas cannot make
3. CThey block glucose reabsorption in the kidney
4. DThey stop the gut from absorbing fat

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible
2. BThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
3. CThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
4. DToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection

أيّ أثر جانبي ينبغي تثقيف المريض الذي يتناول الفينيتوئين طويل الأمد بشأنه؟

1. Aتساقط الشعر في فروة الرأس لدى كل المرضى تقريبًا
2. Bنقص الوزن وعدم تحمل الحرارة
3. Cفقدان سمع تدريجي دائم
4. Dفرط نمو اللثة، لذا تهم نظافة الفم الجيدة

At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
2. BGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
3. CTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
4. DSay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. AUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
2. BOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
3. CNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
4. DAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed