ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

ما أبرز موجود مخبري في SIADH (متلازمة الإفراز غير الملائم لـ ADH)؟

1. Aانخفاض صوديوم المصل بسبب احتباس الماء
2. Bارتفاع صوديوم المصل بسبب فقد الماء
3. Cانخفاض كالسيوم المصل بسبب الفقد الكلوي
4. Dارتفاع سكر الدم بسبب مقاومة الإنسولين

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
2. BIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
3. CIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
4. DUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AKidney stones, bone pain and constipation
2. BVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
3. CWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
4. DMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo remove blood clots before testing
2. BTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
3. CTo catch the stone so it can be analysed
4. DTo measure the urine volume more accurately

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. AAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
2. BExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
3. CDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best
4. DDo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up

Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?

1. ABecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
2. BBecause food doubles the strength of the dose
3. CBecause it cannot be absorbed at night
4. DTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach

مريض CKD هيموغلوبينه 92 g/L ويبدأ عاملًا محفزًا لتكوّن الكريات الحمراء (ESA). ماذا ينبغي أن تراقب الممرضة؟

1. Aالسمع، لأن ESA قد تتلف الأذن الداخلية
2. Bضغط الدم والهيموغلوبين، لأن تجاوز الهدف يزيد خطر التخثر
3. Cإنزيمات الكبد، لأن ESA سامة للكبد
4. Dسكر الدم، لأن ESA كثيرًا ما تسبب نقص سكر الدم

Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the needles
2. BNot enough fluid is being removed
3. CFluid is being removed too quickly
4. DThe dialysate is too cold