ورقة عمل علم الأدوية مع الإجابات

What does "PRN" mean on a medication order?

1. AImmediately, once only
2. BBefore meals
3. CAs needed
4. DEvery morning

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. AExcess saliva production
2. BBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
3. COvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)
4. DLoss of taste

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
2. BShort-acting beta-2 agonists
3. CLeukotriene receptor antagonists
4. DInhaled corticosteroids

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. AAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
2. BA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
3. CNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
4. DBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
2. BGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
3. CGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
4. DGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk

A patient with difficulty swallowing is prescribed several tablets. Which one should not be crushed?

1. AA tablet that the pharmacist says may be crushed
2. BA modified-release (extended-release) tablet
3. CA plain aspirin dispersible tablet
4. DA plain paracetamol tablet

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt also acts as a bronchodilator
2. BIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
3. CIt is excreted faster by the kidney
4. DIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways

A patient on valproate becomes lethargic, starts vomiting and develops jaundice. Which adverse effect should be suspected first?

1. AKidney stones
2. BLiver toxicity
3. CNormal start-up side effects
4. DHypothyroidism