1.Human anatomyMedium
Which spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
- AC5 to T1
- BC1 to C4
- CT1 to T5
- DC3 to C7
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:
- ARight-sided weakness and aphasia
- BRight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
- CIsolated loss of balance
- DLeft-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
- AG cells
- BGoblet cells
- CChief cells
- DParietal cells
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient has taken high-dose prednisolone for a year. What is the state of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis?
- AACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied
- BThe adrenal medulla has stopped making adrenaline and noradrenaline
- CACTH is normal and cortisol production is increased
- DACTH is high and the adrenal cortex is enlarged
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · C5 to T1
Why this is the answer
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. It gives rise to the main nerves of the arm.
Answer
A · C5 to T1
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
Why this is the answer
The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.
Answer
A · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Parietal cells
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and G cells secrete gastrin.
Answer
D · Parietal cells
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · ACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied
Why this is the answer
Exogenous glucocorticoid suppresses CRH and ACTH, so the adrenal cortex atrophies. Stopping the drug suddenly can cause an adrenal crisis, so it is tapered.
Answer
A · ACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied
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