1.Human anatomyMedium
Which spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
- AT1 to T5
- BC3 to C7
- CC5 to T1
- DC1 to C4
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
After axillary lymph node surgery, a patient's scapula sticks out from the chest wall when pushing against a wall. Which nerve has been damaged?
- ASuprascapular nerve
- BAxillary nerve
- CLong thoracic nerve
- DThoracodorsal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormone makes the gallbladder contract after a fatty meal?
- ACholecystokinin (CCK)
- BInsulin
- CGastrin
- DSecretin
4.Human physiologyHard
What is the main reason the ventricles do not contract at the same moment as the atria?
- AThe Purkinje fibres conduct slowly
- BThe ventricles have a longer refractory period only
- CThe SA node fires twice per beat
- DConduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · C5 to T1
Why this is the answer
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. It gives rise to the main nerves of the arm.
Answer
C · C5 to T1
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Long thoracic nerve
Why this is the answer
The long thoracic nerve supplies serratus anterior, which holds the scapula against the chest wall. Damage causes a winged scapula.
Answer
C · Long thoracic nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Why this is the answer
Fat and protein in the duodenum release CCK, which contracts the gallbladder and stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion.
Answer
A · Cholecystokinin (CCK)
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
Why this is the answer
The AV node conducts slowly (about 0.1 s delay), so atrial contraction completes ventricular filling before ventricular depolarisation begins.
Answer
D · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
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