Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

  1. AMedian nerve
  2. BMusculocutaneous nerve
  3. CUlnar nerve
  4. DRadial nerve
2.Human anatomyHard

In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?

  1. ALigamentum venosum
  2. BLigamentum arteriosum
  3. CFossa ovalis
  4. DLigamentum teres
3.Human physiologyMedium

Since action potentials are all-or-none, how does a neuron signal a stronger stimulus?

  1. ABy changing the neurotransmitter it releases
  2. BBy firing action potentials more often
  3. CBy making each action potential larger
  4. DBy making each action potential longer
4.Human physiologyHard

In the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, where is angiotensin I mainly converted to angiotensin II?

  1. AIn the liver
  2. BIn the kidneys' juxtaglomerular cells
  3. CIn the lungs
  4. DIn the adrenal cortex

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Median nerve

Why this is the answer

The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum; compression causes tingling in the thumb, index and middle fingers.

Answer

A · Median nerve
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Ligamentum arteriosum

Why this is the answer

The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.

Answer

B · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology

Answer: B · By firing action potentials more often

Why this is the answer

Stimulus strength is coded by the frequency of action potentials and by how many neurons are recruited, not by their amplitude.

Answer

B · By firing action potentials more often
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · In the lungs

Why this is the answer

Renin (kidney) cleaves angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I, which ACE, mainly on pulmonary capillary endothelium, converts to angiotensin II.

Answer

C · In the lungs

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