Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?

  1. AC3 to C7
  2. BC5 to T1
  3. CC1 to C4
  4. DT1 to T5
2.Human anatomyHard

After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?

  1. ARadial nerve
  2. BUlnar nerve
  3. CMusculocutaneous nerve
  4. DMedian nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

  1. AChief cells
  2. BGoblet cells
  3. CG cells
  4. DParietal cells
4.Human physiologyHard

A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?

  1. AThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
  2. BThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
  3. CThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
  4. DADH release immediately doubles blood volume

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · C5 to T1

Why this is the answer

The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. It gives rise to the main nerves of the arm.

Answer

B · C5 to T1
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Ulnar nerve

Why this is the answer

The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.

Answer

B · Ulnar nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Parietal cells

Why this is the answer

Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and G cells secrete gastrin.

Answer

D · Parietal cells
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

Why this is the answer

Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.

Answer

A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

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