1.Human anatomyMedium
Which layer of the heart wall contains the cardiac muscle?
- AMyocardium
- BPericardium
- CEndocardium
- DEpicardium
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A tumour at the apex of the lung causes drooping of the eyelid, a small pupil and loss of sweating on the same side of the face. Which pathway is disrupted?
- AOculomotor nerve
- BParasympathetic fibres of the vagus
- CFacial nerve
- DCervical sympathetic chain
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ABO blood group has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?
- AGroup B
- BGroup A
- CGroup AB
- DGroup O
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- ALow TSH and low free T4
- BHigh TSH and high free T4
- CHigh TSH and low free T4
- DLow TSH and high free T4
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Myocardium
Why this is the answer
The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer. The endocardium lines the chambers and the epicardium covers the outside.
Answer
A · Myocardium
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Cervical sympathetic chain
Why this is the answer
This is Horner's syndrome: ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis from interruption of sympathetic fibres, here by an apical (Pancoast) tumour pressing on the sympathetic chain.
Answer
D · Cervical sympathetic chain
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Group O
Why this is the answer
Group O people have no A or B antigens and make both anti-A and anti-B. Group AB has both antigens and neither antibody.
Answer
D · Group O
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
Answer
C · High TSH and low free T4
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