Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which part of the brain is chiefly responsible for coordination and balance?

  1. AHypothalamus
  2. BThalamus
  3. CCerebellum
  4. DMedulla oblongata
2.Human anatomyHard

What is the correct order of structures that urine passes through after leaving the collecting ducts?

  1. AMinor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
  2. BRenal pelvis, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter
  3. CMajor calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
  4. DMinor calyx, renal pelvis, major calyx, ureter
3.Human physiologyMedium

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

  1. AIt slows glucose absorption from the gut
  2. BIt blocks insulin receptors on fat cells
  3. CIt stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
  4. DIt stimulates glucose uptake by muscle
4.Human physiologyHard

Spirometry shows reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC, with a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio. What pattern is this?

  1. AA normal result in an older adult
  2. BAn obstructive pattern, as in asthma
  3. CA restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
  4. DAn obstructive pattern, as in emphysema or chronic bronchitis

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Cerebellum

Why this is the answer

The cerebellum fine-tunes movement, posture and balance. Damage causes ataxia and an unsteady gait.

Answer

C · Cerebellum
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

Why this is the answer

Collecting ducts open at the renal papillae into minor calyces, which join to form major calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis and then the ureter.

Answer

A · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · It stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver

Why this is the answer

Glucagon from alpha cells acts on the liver to break down glycogen and make new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Answer

C · It stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis

Why this is the answer

In restrictive disease the lungs are small or stiff, so both FEV1 and FVC fall but the ratio is preserved. Obstruction lowers FEV1 more than FVC.

Answer

C · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis

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