1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure is the main bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
- ACorpus callosum
- BInternal capsule
- CCerebral peduncle
- DFornix
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?
- ALigamentum venosum
- BLigamentum teres
- CFossa ovalis
- DLigamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiologyMedium
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
- APlasma oncotic pressure falls
- BLymphatic drainage increases
- CCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
- DThe capillaries become impermeable
4.Human physiologyHard
Hodgkin and Huxley's classic studies of the ionic basis of the action potential used which preparation?
- AThe cat spinal cord
- BThe squid giant axon
- CThe frog sciatic nerve–muscle preparation
- DCultured human cortical neurons
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Corpus callosum
Why this is the answer
The corpus callosum is the largest commissure, linking matching areas of the two hemispheres. The internal capsule carries projection fibres up and down instead.
Answer
A · Corpus callosum
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Ligamentum arteriosum
Why this is the answer
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.
Answer
D · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Why this is the answer
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
Answer
A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The squid giant axon
Why this is the answer
The squid giant axon is up to about 1 mm wide, so voltage-clamp electrodes could be inserted. This showed that sodium inflow and potassium outflow produce the action potential.
Answer
B · The squid giant axon
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