Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

The head of the femur articulates with which structure?

  1. AGreater trochanter
  2. BGlenoid cavity
  3. CAcetabulum
  4. DObturator foramen
2.Human anatomyHard

Injury to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve at the neck of the fibula typically causes:

  1. AWeak hip abduction
  2. BFoot drop
  3. CInability to flex the knee
  4. DLoss of sensation on the sole of the foot
3.Human physiologyMedium

In skeletal muscle, where does most of the calcium for contraction come from?

  1. AThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
  2. BThe nucleus
  3. CThe mitochondria
  4. DThe extracellular fluid
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?

  1. AHigh pH and high bicarbonate
  2. BHigh pH and low PaCO₂
  3. CLow pH and low bicarbonate
  4. DLow pH and high PaCO₂

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Acetabulum

Why this is the answer

The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.

Answer

C · Acetabulum
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Foot drop

Why this is the answer

The common fibular nerve supplies the dorsiflexors and evertors. Damage at the fibular neck causes foot drop and a high-stepping gait. The sole is supplied by the tibial nerve.

Answer

B · Foot drop
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · The sarcoplasmic reticulum

Why this is the answer

Depolarisation of the T-tubules opens ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, releasing stored calcium into the cytoplasm.

Answer

A · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · High pH and low PaCO₂

Why this is the answer

Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.

Answer

B · High pH and low PaCO₂

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