Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?

  1. ABrachial artery
  2. BRadial artery
  3. CUlnar artery
  4. DAxillary artery
2.Human anatomyHard

Why is the proximal pole of the scaphoid at risk of avascular necrosis after a waist fracture?

  1. AIt is drained by a single vein that clots easily
  2. BIt has no blood supply at all
  3. CIts blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
  4. DIts only artery runs through the lunate
3.Human physiologyMedium

In skeletal muscle, where does most of the calcium for contraction come from?

  1. AThe mitochondria
  2. BThe extracellular fluid
  3. CThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
  4. DThe nucleus
4.Human physiologyHard

After several days of persistent vomiting of stomach contents, which acid–base disturbance is most likely?

  1. ARespiratory acidosis
  2. BMetabolic acidosis
  3. CRespiratory alkalosis
  4. DMetabolic alkalosis

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Radial artery

Why this is the answer

The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.

Answer

B · Radial artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end

Why this is the answer

Branches of the radial artery enter the scaphoid mainly distally and flow backwards. A fracture through the waist can cut off the proximal pole, causing avascular necrosis.

Answer

C · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · The sarcoplasmic reticulum

Why this is the answer

Depolarisation of the T-tubules opens ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, releasing stored calcium into the cytoplasm.

Answer

C · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiology

Answer: D · Metabolic alkalosis

Why this is the answer

Vomiting removes HCl, and the stomach's acid secretion leaves bicarbonate in the blood. Volume loss and low potassium help keep the alkalosis going.

Answer

D · Metabolic alkalosis

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