Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?

  1. ACircumflex artery
  2. BRight coronary artery
  3. CPosterior descending artery
  4. DLeft anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomyHard

Why does an inhaled foreign body more often lodge in the right main bronchus than the left?

  1. AThe right lung has stronger airflow due to the heart's position
  2. BThe left bronchus is closed by the epiglottis
  3. CThe right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
  4. DThe right bronchus is narrower and more horizontal
3.Human physiologyMedium

Vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?

  1. ATidal volume and residual volume
  2. BResidual volume and expiratory reserve volume
  3. CInspiratory reserve volume and residual volume
  4. DTidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis breathes deeply and rapidly. What pattern is expected on the blood gas?

  1. AHigh pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  2. BLow pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  3. CLow pH, high bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
  4. DLow pH, normal bicarbonate and high PaCO₂

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Left anterior descending artery

Why this is the answer

The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.

Answer

D · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: C · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical

Why this is the answer

The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and continues more directly in line with the trachea, so aspirated objects tend to fall into it.

Answer

C · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

Why this is the answer

Vital capacity = IRV + TV + ERV. It excludes the residual volume, which always stays in the lungs.

Answer

D · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

Why this is the answer

Ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing lowers PaCO₂ as respiratory compensation.

Answer

B · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

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