Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which pulse is felt just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle?

  1. ADorsalis pedis artery
  2. BPosterior tibial artery
  3. CPopliteal artery
  4. DFibular artery
2.Human anatomyHard

A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:

  1. ARight-sided weakness and aphasia
  2. BRight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
  3. CIsolated loss of balance
  4. DLeft-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiologyMedium

How is the ejection fraction calculated?

  1. ACardiac output ÷ heart rate
  2. BEnd-systolic volume ÷ stroke volume
  3. CEnd-diastolic volume ÷ end-systolic volume
  4. DStroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis breathes deeply and rapidly. What pattern is expected on the blood gas?

  1. ALow pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  2. BLow pH, normal bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
  3. CLow pH, high bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
  4. DHigh pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Posterior tibial artery

Why this is the answer

The posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt on the top of the foot.

Answer

B · Posterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Right-sided weakness and aphasia

Why this is the answer

The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.

Answer

A · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume

Why this is the answer

Ejection fraction is the proportion of blood in the full ventricle that is ejected per beat. A normal value is about 55–70%.

Answer

D · Stroke volume ÷ end-diastolic volume
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

Why this is the answer

Ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing lowers PaCO₂ as respiratory compensation.

Answer

A · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

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