Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which pulse is felt just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle?

  1. APopliteal artery
  2. BDorsalis pedis artery
  3. CFibular artery
  4. DPosterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomyHard

In the femoral triangle, what is the order of the main structures from lateral to medial?

  1. AFemoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery
  2. BFemoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
  3. CFemoral artery, femoral nerve, femoral vein
  4. DFemoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Besides lowering glucose, insulin moves which ion into cells, an effect used to treat hyperkalaemia?

  1. APotassium
  2. BCalcium
  3. CChloride
  4. DSodium
4.Human physiologyHard

What is the main reason the ventricles do not contract at the same moment as the atria?

  1. AThe Purkinje fibres conduct slowly
  2. BConduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
  3. CThe ventricles have a longer refractory period only
  4. DThe SA node fires twice per beat

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Posterior tibial artery

Why this is the answer

The posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt on the top of the foot.

Answer

D · Posterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

Why this is the answer

From lateral to medial: nerve, artery, vein, then empty space and lymphatics (NAVEL). This is why the femoral artery pulse lies between the nerve and vein.

Answer

B · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Potassium

Why this is the answer

Insulin stimulates the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and shifts potassium into cells. Insulin with glucose is therefore used to lower dangerously high plasma potassium.

Answer

A · Potassium
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node

Why this is the answer

The AV node conducts slowly (about 0.1 s delay), so atrial contraction completes ventricular filling before ventricular depolarisation begins.

Answer

B · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node

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