Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

New problemsBack to the course

In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.

1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  1. AVenae cavae
  2. BPulmonary arteries
  3. CPulmonary veins
  4. DBronchial arteries
2.Human anatomyHard

During a lumbar puncture, which ligament is the last one pierced before the needle enters the epidural space?

  1. ASupraspinous ligament
  2. BPosterior longitudinal ligament
  3. CInterspinous ligament
  4. DLigamentum flavum
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?

  1. AAlbumin
  2. BThrombin
  3. CFibrin
  4. DCollagen
4.Human physiologyHard

In long-standing aortic stenosis, how does the left ventricle adapt?

  1. AThinning of the wall with dilation
  2. BConcentric hypertrophy with a thicker wall
  3. CAtrophy of the muscle due to less work
  4. DNo change because the valve is not part of the ventricle

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Pulmonary veins

Why this is the answer

Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Answer

C · Pulmonary veins
2.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Ligamentum flavum

Why this is the answer

The needle passes skin, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, then ligamentum flavum into the epidural space, then dura and arachnoid into the subarachnoid space.

Answer

D · Ligamentum flavum
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · Fibrin

Why this is the answer

Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.

Answer

C · Fibrin
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Concentric hypertrophy with a thicker wall

Why this is the answer

Pressure overload makes the ventricular wall thicken (concentric hypertrophy) to keep wall stress normal. Volume overload, as in regurgitation, causes dilation instead.

Answer

B · Concentric hypertrophy with a thicker wall

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology