1.Human anatomyMedium
Which spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
- AC3 to C7
- BC5 to T1
- CC1 to C4
- DT1 to T5
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
- APrecentral gyrus of the non-dominant hemisphere
- BPosterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- CInferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- DCerebellar hemisphere
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why is the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve S-shaped?
- AOxygen dissolves better in plasma at high partial pressure
- BBinding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
- CHaemoglobin can bind only one oxygen molecule
- DRed cells change size as they take up oxygen
4.Human physiologyHard
In the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, where is angiotensin I mainly converted to angiotensin II?
- AIn the kidneys' juxtaglomerular cells
- BIn the adrenal cortex
- CIn the lungs
- DIn the liver
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · C5 to T1
Why this is the answer
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. It gives rise to the main nerves of the arm.
Answer
B · C5 to T1
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
Why this is the answer
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
Answer
B · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
Why this is the answer
Haemoglobin shows cooperative binding: each bound O₂ increases the affinity of the remaining sites, giving a sigmoid curve.
Answer
B · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · In the lungs
Why this is the answer
Renin (kidney) cleaves angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I, which ACE, mainly on pulmonary capillary endothelium, converts to angiotensin II.
Answer
C · In the lungs
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