Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?

  1. ABody of the uterus
  2. BOvary
  3. CCervix
  4. DAmpulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomyHard

In which part of the small intestine are vitamin B12 and bile salts mainly absorbed?

  1. ACaecum
  2. BTerminal ileum
  3. CJejunum
  4. DDuodenum
3.Human physiologyMedium

Since action potentials are all-or-none, how does a neuron signal a stronger stimulus?

  1. ABy making each action potential larger
  2. BBy making each action potential longer
  3. CBy firing action potentials more often
  4. DBy changing the neurotransmitter it releases
4.Human physiologyHard

A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?

  1. AThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
  2. BADH release immediately doubles blood volume
  3. CThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
  4. DThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Ampulla of the uterine tube

Why this is the answer

Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.

Answer

D · Ampulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Terminal ileum

Why this is the answer

The terminal ileum absorbs vitamin B12 (bound to intrinsic factor) and reabsorbs bile salts. The duodenum mainly absorbs iron.

Answer

B · Terminal ileum
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · By firing action potentials more often

Why this is the answer

Stimulus strength is coded by the frequency of action potentials and by how many neurons are recruited, not by their amplitude.

Answer

C · By firing action potentials more often
4.Human physiology

Answer: D · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

Why this is the answer

Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.

Answer

D · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

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