Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which pulse is felt just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle?

  1. APopliteal artery
  2. BFibular artery
  3. CPosterior tibial artery
  4. DDorsalis pedis artery
2.Human anatomyHard

An indirect inguinal hernia enters the inguinal canal at which point?

  1. AThrough the posterior wall of the canal, medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
  2. BThrough the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
  3. CBelow the inguinal ligament, through the femoral canal
  4. DThrough the superficial ring only, without entering the canal
3.Human physiologyMedium

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

  1. AIt blocks insulin receptors on fat cells
  2. BIt slows glucose absorption from the gut
  3. CIt stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
  4. DIt stimulates glucose uptake by muscle
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient with small-cell lung cancer has low plasma sodium and low plasma osmolality but inappropriately concentrated urine. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
  2. BPrimary hyperaldosteronism
  3. CCranial diabetes insipidus
  4. DAddison's disease with high aldosterone

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Posterior tibial artery

Why this is the answer

The posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt on the top of the foot.

Answer

C · Posterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Why this is the answer

An indirect hernia passes through the deep ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and runs along the canal. A direct hernia pushes through the posterior wall medial to them.

Answer

B · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · It stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver

Why this is the answer

Glucagon from alpha cells acts on the liver to break down glycogen and make new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Answer

C · It stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

Why this is the answer

In SIADH excess ADH makes the kidneys retain water, diluting the plasma while urine stays concentrated. Small-cell lung cancer can secrete ADH.

Answer

A · Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

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