1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure is the main bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
- ACerebral peduncle
- BFornix
- CCorpus callosum
- DInternal capsule
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
- APosterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- BInferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- CPrecentral gyrus of the non-dominant hemisphere
- DCerebellar hemisphere
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where does the final activation step of vitamin D (1-alpha hydroxylation) take place?
- ASkin
- BSmall intestine
- CLiver
- DKidney
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
- AHigh pH and high bicarbonate
- BLow pH and high PaCO₂
- CLow pH and low bicarbonate
- DHigh pH and low PaCO₂
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Corpus callosum
Why this is the answer
The corpus callosum is the largest commissure, linking matching areas of the two hemispheres. The internal capsule carries projection fibres up and down instead.
Answer
C · Corpus callosum
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
Why this is the answer
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
Answer
A · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Kidney
Why this is the answer
Vitamin D is made in the skin or eaten, hydroxylated in the liver, and then activated to calcitriol in the kidney. Kidney failure therefore causes vitamin D deficiency.
Answer
D · Kidney
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · High pH and low PaCO₂
Why this is the answer
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer
D · High pH and low PaCO₂
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