Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which cranial nerve controls movement of the tongue?

  1. AVagus nerve (X)
  2. BGlossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
  3. CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
  4. DFacial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomyHard

Which coronary artery most often supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node?

  1. ALeft anterior descending artery
  2. BCircumflex artery
  3. CRight coronary artery
  4. DLeft main coronary artery
3.Human physiologyMedium

Why is the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve S-shaped?

  1. ARed cells change size as they take up oxygen
  2. BHaemoglobin can bind only one oxygen molecule
  3. COxygen dissolves better in plasma at high partial pressure
  4. DBinding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiologyHard

A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?

  1. AThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
  2. BThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
  3. CThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
  4. DADH release immediately doubles blood volume

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Why this is the answer

The hypoglossal nerve supplies the intrinsic and most extrinsic tongue muscles. A lesion makes the protruded tongue deviate towards the affected side.

Answer

C · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Right coronary artery

Why this is the answer

The SA nodal artery arises from the right coronary artery in roughly 60% of people and from the circumflex artery in the rest.

Answer

C · Right coronary artery
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily

Why this is the answer

Haemoglobin shows cooperative binding: each bound O₂ increases the affinity of the remaining sites, giving a sigmoid curve.

Answer

D · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

Why this is the answer

Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.

Answer

A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction

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