Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which part of the brain is chiefly responsible for coordination and balance?

  1. AThalamus
  2. BCerebellum
  3. CMedulla oblongata
  4. DHypothalamus
2.Human anatomyHard

After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?

  1. AUlnar nerve
  2. BRadial nerve
  3. CMedian nerve
  4. DMusculocutaneous nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?

  1. AFibrin
  2. BCollagen
  3. CThrombin
  4. DAlbumin
4.Human physiologyHard

Why does breathing 100% oxygen correct hypoxaemia from a true right-to-left shunt only poorly?

  1. AShunted blood is already fully saturated
  2. BThe shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
  3. CThe extra oxygen is all exhaled as CO₂
  4. DPure oxygen damages haemoglobin

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Cerebellum

Why this is the answer

The cerebellum fine-tunes movement, posture and balance. Damage causes ataxia and an unsteady gait.

Answer

B · Cerebellum
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Ulnar nerve

Why this is the answer

The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.

Answer

A · Ulnar nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Fibrin

Why this is the answer

Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.

Answer

A · Fibrin
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas

Why this is the answer

Shunted blood bypasses ventilated alveoli and mixes deoxygenated blood into arterial blood. Extra inspired oxygen cannot reach it, unlike in V/Q mismatch or hypoventilation.

Answer

B · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas

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