1.Human anatomyMedium
Which type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder?
- ASimple squamous epithelium
- BTransitional epithelium (urothelium)
- CSimple columnar epithelium
- DPseudostratified columnar epithelium
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient cannot abduct the arm beyond about 15° after a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, and has numbness over the lateral shoulder. Which nerve is most likely injured?
- AAxillary nerve
- BSuprascapular nerve
- CRadial nerve
- DLong thoracic nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
- ATo kill bacteria in the airways
- BTo carry oxygen across the alveolar wall
- CTo trap dust in the bronchi
- DTo reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- AThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- BNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
- CCarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- DOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
Why this is the answer
Transitional epithelium can change shape from rounded to flattened cells as the bladder stretches, while staying watertight.
Answer
B · Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Axillary nerve
Why this is the answer
The axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus. It supplies deltoid and teres minor and the skin over the lateral shoulder ("regimental badge" area).
Answer
A · Axillary nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Why this is the answer
Surfactant, made by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse and the lungs are easier to inflate.
Answer
D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
Answer
B · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
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