Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

New problemsBack to the course

In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.

1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

  1. ACochlear duct
  2. BNasolacrimal duct
  3. CAuditory (Eustachian) tube
  4. DExternal acoustic meatus
2.Human anatomyHard

In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?

  1. ABetween the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
  2. BBetween the superior rectal and middle rectal veins
  3. CBetween the splenic vein and the left renal vein
  4. DBetween the paraumbilical veins and the epigastric veins
3.Human physiologyMedium

Why does glucose appear in the urine in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

  1. AThe collecting duct actively secretes glucose
  2. BThe filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
  3. CInsulin is needed for glucose reabsorption in the tubule
  4. DThe glomerulus stops filtering glucose
4.Human physiologyHard

At the start of a fever, a patient shivers and feels cold even though body temperature is rising. Why?

  1. ASweating has already cooled the body too much
  2. BPyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
  3. CThe thermoreceptors in the skin are destroyed
  4. DThe body has lost its ability to produce heat

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Auditory (Eustachian) tube

Why this is the answer

The auditory tube equalises air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. In children it is shorter and more horizontal, which favours middle ear infections.

Answer

C · Auditory (Eustachian) tube
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein

Why this is the answer

At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.

Answer

A · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
3.Human physiology

Answer: B · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum

Why this is the answer

Proximal tubule SGLT carriers can reabsorb only so much glucose. When plasma glucose is high, the filtered load exceeds this maximum and the excess is excreted.

Answer

B · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature

Why this is the answer

Pyrogens trigger prostaglandin E₂ in the hypothalamus, raising the set point. Until body temperature reaches the new set point, heat-gain responses such as shivering occur.

Answer

B · Pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology