Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which two veins?

  1. ASuperior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
  2. BHepatic vein and splenic vein
  3. CSuperior mesenteric vein and left renal vein
  4. DInferior vena cava and renal vein
2.Human anatomyHard

A patient with a large aneurysm of the aortic arch develops hoarseness. Which nerve is most likely compressed?

  1. ALeft phrenic nerve
  2. BLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve
  3. CExternal laryngeal nerve
  4. DRight recurrent laryngeal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?

  1. ASinoatrial node
  2. BBundle of His
  3. CPurkinje fibres
  4. DAtrioventricular node
4.Human physiologyHard

Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?

  1. ACreatinine
  2. BInulin
  3. CUrea
  4. DGlucose

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Why this is the answer

The portal vein forms behind the neck of the pancreas from the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver.

Answer

A · Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Why this is the answer

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the aortic arch beside the ligamentum arteriosum. It supplies most laryngeal muscles, so compression causes hoarseness.

Answer

B · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Sinoatrial node

Why this is the answer

The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.

Answer

A · Sinoatrial node
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Inulin

Why this is the answer

Inulin is filtered freely and is not reabsorbed or secreted, so its clearance equals GFR exactly. Creatinine is slightly secreted, so it overestimates GFR a little.

Answer

B · Inulin

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