1.Human anatomyMedium
Which is the largest nerve in the human body?
- ASciatic nerve
- BFemoral nerve
- CVagus nerve
- DMedian nerve
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
What is the correct order of structures that urine passes through after leaving the collecting ducts?
- ARenal pelvis, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter
- BMinor calyx, renal pelvis, major calyx, ureter
- CMinor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
- DMajor calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why does glucose appear in the urine in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
- AThe filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
- BInsulin is needed for glucose reabsorption in the tubule
- CThe collecting duct actively secretes glucose
- DThe glomerulus stops filtering glucose
4.Human physiologyHard
Which adaptation develops over days to weeks at high altitude?
- ALower ventilation to save oxygen
- BHigher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
- CIncreased renal bicarbonate retention
- DA fall in haematocrit
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Sciatic nerve
Why this is the answer
The sciatic nerve (L4–S3) leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the hamstrings and all the muscles below the knee. Skin on the inner side of the leg is supplied by the saphenous nerve instead.
Answer
A · Sciatic nerve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
Why this is the answer
Collecting ducts open at the renal papillae into minor calyces, which join to form major calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis and then the ureter.
Answer
C · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
Why this is the answer
Proximal tubule SGLT carriers can reabsorb only so much glucose. When plasma glucose is high, the filtered load exceeds this maximum and the excess is excreted.
Answer
A · The filtered load exceeds the tubular transport maximum
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
Why this is the answer
Hypoxia stimulates EPO and red cell production, raising oxygen-carrying capacity. Hyperventilation causes alkalosis, which the kidneys compensate by excreting bicarbonate.
Answer
B · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
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