Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?

  1. AIntercostal nerves
  2. BVagus nerve
  3. CAccessory nerve
  4. DPhrenic nerve
2.Human anatomyHard

Which coronary artery most often supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node?

  1. ALeft main coronary artery
  2. BLeft anterior descending artery
  3. CCircumflex artery
  4. DRight coronary artery
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?

  1. AA surge of prolactin
  2. BA fall in oestrogen
  3. CA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
  4. DA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiologyHard

Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?

  1. ATachycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
  2. BBradycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
  3. CBradycardia, cool pale skin and high urine output
  4. DTachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Phrenic nerve

Why this is the answer

The phrenic nerve (roots C3–C5) is the motor supply to the diaphragm. High cervical cord injury above C3 therefore stops spontaneous breathing.

Answer

D · Phrenic nerve
2.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Right coronary artery

Why this is the answer

The SA nodal artery arises from the right coronary artery in roughly 60% of people and from the circumflex artery in the rest.

Answer

D · Right coronary artery
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)

Why this is the answer

Rising oestrogen from the dominant follicle triggers an LH surge from the anterior pituitary, which causes ovulation about a day later.

Answer

D · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiology

Answer: D · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output

Why this is the answer

Baroreceptor-driven sympathetic activation raises heart rate and constricts skin vessels. Reduced renal perfusion, ADH and aldosterone lower urine output.

Answer

D · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output

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