1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?
- AAccessory nerve (XI)
- BFacial nerve (VII)
- CVagus nerve (X)
- DHypoglossal nerve (XII)
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight femoral nerve
- BRight inferior gluteal nerve
- CLeft superior gluteal nerve
- DRight superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Since action potentials are all-or-none, how does a neuron signal a stronger stimulus?
- ABy firing action potentials more often
- BBy changing the neurotransmitter it releases
- CBy making each action potential longer
- DBy making each action potential larger
4.Human physiologyHard
Which adaptation develops over days to weeks at high altitude?
- AA fall in haematocrit
- BIncreased renal bicarbonate retention
- CLower ventilation to save oxygen
- DHigher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Accessory nerve (XI)
Why this is the answer
The accessory nerve (XI) supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Damage weakens head turning and shoulder shrugging.
Answer
A · Accessory nerve (XI)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
Answer
D · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · By firing action potentials more often
Why this is the answer
Stimulus strength is coded by the frequency of action potentials and by how many neurons are recruited, not by their amplitude.
Answer
A · By firing action potentials more often
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
Why this is the answer
Hypoxia stimulates EPO and red cell production, raising oxygen-carrying capacity. Hyperventilation causes alkalosis, which the kidneys compensate by excreting bicarbonate.
Answer
D · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
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