Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which two regions of the adult spine normally show a lordosis (curve concave towards the back)?

  1. ACervical and thoracic
  2. BThoracic and lumbar
  3. CThoracic and sacral
  4. DCervical and lumbar
2.Human anatomyHard

Why does an inhaled foreign body more often lodge in the right main bronchus than the left?

  1. AThe left bronchus is closed by the epiglottis
  2. BThe right bronchus is narrower and more horizontal
  3. CThe right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
  4. DThe right lung has stronger airflow due to the heart's position
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

  1. AG cells
  2. BChief cells
  3. CGoblet cells
  4. DParietal cells
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?

  1. ALow pH and high PaCO₂
  2. BLow pH and low bicarbonate
  3. CHigh pH and low PaCO₂
  4. DHigh pH and high bicarbonate

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Cervical and lumbar

Why this is the answer

The cervical and lumbar regions are lordotic (secondary curves). The thoracic and sacral regions are kyphotic (primary curves).

Answer

D · Cervical and lumbar
2.Human anatomy

Answer: C · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical

Why this is the answer

The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and continues more directly in line with the trachea, so aspirated objects tend to fall into it.

Answer

C · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Parietal cells

Why this is the answer

Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and G cells secrete gastrin.

Answer

D · Parietal cells
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · High pH and low PaCO₂

Why this is the answer

Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.

Answer

C · High pH and low PaCO₂

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