Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

New problemsBack to the course

In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.

1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?

  1. APineal gland
  2. BChoroid plexus
  3. CPia mater
  4. DArachnoid granulations
2.Human anatomyHard

Which structure is found in the posterior mediastinum?

  1. AOesophagus
  2. BAscending aorta
  3. CHeart
  4. DThymus
3.Human physiologyMedium

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

  1. ABlood filling the atria
  2. BClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
  3. COpening of the aortic valve
  4. DClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4.Human physiologyHard

Which adaptation develops over days to weeks at high altitude?

  1. AHigher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
  2. BA fall in haematocrit
  3. CIncreased renal bicarbonate retention
  4. DLower ventilation to save oxygen

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Choroid plexus

Why this is the answer

The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.

Answer

B · Choroid plexus
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Oesophagus

Why this is the answer

The posterior mediastinum contains the oesophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins and thoracic duct. The heart and ascending aorta are in the middle mediastinum; the thymus is in the superior and anterior mediastinum.

Answer

A · Oesophagus
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

Why this is the answer

S1 ("lub") is caused by closure of the atrioventricular valves at the start of systole. S2 ("dub") is closure of the semilunar valves.

Answer

D · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells

Why this is the answer

Hypoxia stimulates EPO and red cell production, raising oxygen-carrying capacity. Hyperventilation causes alkalosis, which the kidneys compensate by excreting bicarbonate.

Answer

A · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology