1.Human anatomyMedium
Which pulse is felt just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle?
- APopliteal artery
- BFibular artery
- CPosterior tibial artery
- DDorsalis pedis artery
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Early appendicitis is often felt as vague pain around the umbilicus. Why?
- AInflammation spreads first to the abdominal wall at the navel region
- BThe phrenic nerve carries the pain to the umbilicus
- CThe appendix lies directly behind the umbilicus
- DIts visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ion enters the cell to cause the depolarisation phase of a typical neuronal action potential?
- ACalcium (Ca²⁺)
- BPotassium (K⁺)
- CSodium (Na⁺)
- DChloride (Cl⁻)
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AADH acting on the descending limb
- BThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- CSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- DGlomerular filtration
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Posterior tibial artery
Why this is the answer
The posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt on the top of the foot.
Answer
C · Posterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Its visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
Why this is the answer
Visceral pain from midgut structures is referred to the T10 dermatome around the umbilicus. When the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed, pain localises to the right iliac fossa.
Answer
D · Its visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Sodium (Na⁺)
Why this is the answer
Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open and Na⁺ rushes in, depolarising the membrane. K⁺ outflow then repolarises it.
Answer
C · Sodium (Na⁺)
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
Answer
B · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
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