1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- AFacial nerve (VII)
- BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- CTrigeminal nerve (V)
- DOculomotor nerve (III)
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient has a drooping eyelid, a dilated pupil and an eye that rests "down and out". Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- AAbducens nerve (VI)
- BOculomotor nerve (III)
- COptic nerve (II)
- DTrochlear nerve (IV)
3.Human physiologyMedium
The hormone secretin is released when acid enters the duodenum. What is its main effect?
- AContraction of the gallbladder
- BBicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
- CAcid secretion from the stomach
- DInsulin release from the endocrine pancreas
4.Human physiologyHard
A pulmonary embolus blocks blood flow to a well-ventilated region of lung. How does the ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) ratio of that region change?
- AIt becomes very high, acting as dead space
- BIt becomes zero, acting as a shunt
- CIt stays normal because ventilation falls too
- DIt becomes low, like in pneumonia
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
Answer
A · Facial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Oculomotor nerve (III)
Why this is the answer
The oculomotor nerve supplies most eye muscles, levator palpebrae and the pupil constrictor. Lesion leaves lateral rectus and superior oblique unopposed, so the eye goes down and out.
Answer
B · Oculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
Why this is the answer
Secretin stimulates pancreatic duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid, which neutralises acidic chyme so intestinal enzymes can work.
Answer
B · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
Why this is the answer
Ventilation without perfusion gives a very high V/Q ratio (dead space). A shunt, such as in pneumonia, is the opposite: perfusion without ventilation.
Answer
A · It becomes very high, acting as dead space
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