1.Human anatomyMedium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- ABronchial arteries
- BPulmonary arteries
- CPulmonary veins
- DVenae cavae
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient has a drooping eyelid, a dilated pupil and an eye that rests "down and out". Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- AOculomotor nerve (III)
- BTrochlear nerve (IV)
- COptic nerve (II)
- DAbducens nerve (VI)
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why can cardiac muscle not be tetanised like skeletal muscle?
- AIt has no calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- BIt is controlled only by hormones
- CIt is not striated
- DIts long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
- AHigh pH and low PaCO₂
- BLow pH and high PaCO₂
- CLow pH and low bicarbonate
- DHigh pH and high bicarbonate
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Pulmonary veins
Why this is the answer
Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.
Answer
C · Pulmonary veins
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Oculomotor nerve (III)
Why this is the answer
The oculomotor nerve supplies most eye muscles, levator palpebrae and the pupil constrictor. Lesion leaves lateral rectus and superior oblique unopposed, so the eye goes down and out.
Answer
A · Oculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
Why this is the answer
The plateau of the cardiac action potential gives a long refractory period, so the muscle relaxes before it can be excited again. This allows the heart to refill.
Answer
D · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · High pH and low PaCO₂
Why this is the answer
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer
A · High pH and low PaCO₂
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