Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?

  1. AUlnar artery
  2. BRadial artery
  3. CAxillary artery
  4. DBrachial artery
2.Human anatomyHard

Why is the proximal pole of the scaphoid at risk of avascular necrosis after a waist fracture?

  1. AIts blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
  2. BIt has no blood supply at all
  3. CIt is drained by a single vein that clots easily
  4. DIts only artery runs through the lunate
3.Human physiologyMedium

What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?

  1. A6.80 to 7.00
  2. B7.50 to 7.65
  3. C7.00 to 7.20
  4. D7.35 to 7.45
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis breathes deeply and rapidly. What pattern is expected on the blood gas?

  1. ALow pH, high bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
  2. BHigh pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  3. CLow pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  4. DLow pH, normal bicarbonate and high PaCO₂

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Radial artery

Why this is the answer

The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.

Answer

B · Radial artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end

Why this is the answer

Branches of the radial artery enter the scaphoid mainly distally and flow backwards. A fracture through the waist can cut off the proximal pole, causing avascular necrosis.

Answer

A · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · 7.35 to 7.45

Why this is the answer

Arterial pH is normally 7.35–7.45. Below 7.35 is acidaemia and above 7.45 alkalaemia.

Answer

D · 7.35 to 7.45
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

Why this is the answer

Ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing lowers PaCO₂ as respiratory compensation.

Answer

C · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

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