1.Human anatomyMedium
Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
- AMedian nerve
- BUlnar nerve
- CRadial nerve
- DMusculocutaneous nerve
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
When inserting a chest drain or needle into the pleural space, why is it placed just above the upper border of a rib?
- AThe pleura is thickest just above each rib
- BThe intercostal muscles are absent above each rib
- CThe intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
- DThe lung does not reach the area above each rib
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why can cardiac muscle not be tetanised like skeletal muscle?
- AIt is controlled only by hormones
- BIt has no calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- CIt is not striated
- DIts long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
4.Human physiologyHard
Which change shifts the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
- AHigher pH
- BHigher temperature
- CLower CO₂
- DLower 2,3-BPG
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Median nerve
Why this is the answer
The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum; compression causes tingling in the thumb, index and middle fingers.
Answer
A · Median nerve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · The intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
Why this is the answer
The intercostal neurovascular bundle (vein, artery, nerve from above down) lies in the costal groove under each rib. Going just above the rib below avoids it.
Answer
C · The intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
Why this is the answer
The plateau of the cardiac action potential gives a long refractory period, so the muscle relaxes before it can be excited again. This allows the heart to refill.
Answer
D · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Higher temperature
Why this is the answer
Higher temperature, CO₂, H⁺ (lower pH) and 2,3-BPG lower haemoglobin's affinity and shift the curve right, releasing more oxygen to active tissues.
Answer
B · Higher temperature
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